:: Volume 15, Issue 4 (Winter 2021) ::
Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2021, 15(4): 11-19 Back to browse issues page
Effects of Resistance Training with Aqueous Extract of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Relative Expression Levels of CTRP3 and IL-6 in Adipose Tissues and Insulin Resistance in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats
E Sadeghpour Firozabadi , A Abdi * , A Abbassi Daloii
Islamic Azad University , a.abdi58@gmail.com
Abstract:   (1756 Views)
Background and Objectives: Since adipokines affect insulin sensitivity and inflammation, regulation of adipokines may play a critical role in etiology of insulin resistance, which is associated to type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of resistance training with use of aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on relative expression levels of CTRP3 and IL-6 and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
 Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into five major groups of control-normal, diabetes, diabetes-training, diabetes-garlic and diabetes-training-garlic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats using intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Training group carried out resistance training for eight weeks (five days per week). The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing a 1-m ladder with a weight attached to the tail sleeve. A dose of 1 ml of garlic extract/100 g body weight was orally administered daily to rats.
Results: Results of the present study showed decreases in CTRP3 relative expression (p = 0. 001) and increases in IL-6 protein (p = 0.001) and HOMA-IR (p = 0. 001) in diabetes groups, compared to control-normal group. The CTRP3 relative expression of diabetes-training (p = 0.037), diabetes-garlic (p = 0.042) and diabetes-training-garlic (p = 0. 001) groups showed significant increases, compared to diabetes group. Furthermore, significant decreases were seen in IL-6 levels in diabetes-training (p = 0.015), diabetes-garlic (p = 0.021) and diabetes-training-garlic (p = 0. 001) groups, compared to diabetes group. The HOMA-IR levels of diabetes-training (p = 0.003), diabetes-garlic (p = 0.049) and diabetes-training-garlic (p = 0.002) groups decreased significantly, compared to diabetes group.
Conclusion: In conclusion, increased CTRP3 expression and decreased IL-6 adipose tissues followed by resistance training and garlic extract use are associated to decreased insulin resistance in diabetic rats.
Keywords: Exercise, Garlic, Inflammation, CTRP3, Insulin resistance, Diabetes
Full-Text [PDF 772 kb]   (689 Downloads)    
Article type: Research | Subject: nutrition
Received: 2020/08/10 | Accepted: 2020/09/27 | Published: 2020/12/20
References
1. Hu FB. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes care. 2011;34(6):1249-57. [DOI:10.2337/dc11-0442]
2. Komosinska-Vassev K, Olczyk P, Kuźnik-Trocha K, Jura-Półtorak A, Derkacz A, Purchałka M, et al. Circulating C1q/TNF-Related Protein 3, Omentin-1 and NGAL in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes During Insulin Therapy. J clin med. 2019;8(6):805. [DOI:10.3390/jcm8060805]
3. Schäffler A, Buechler C. CTRP family: linking immunity to metabolism. T Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012;23(4):194-204. [DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2011.12.003]
4. Ban B, Bai B, Zhang M, Hu J, Ramanjaneya M, Tan BK, et al. Low serum cartonectin/CTRP3 concentrations in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: in vivo regulation of cartonectin by glucose. PloS one. 2014;9(11). [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0112931]
5. Li X, Jiang L, Yang M, Wu Y-w, Sun S-x, Sun J-z. Expression of CTRP3, a novel adipokine, in rats at different pathogenic stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the impacts of GLP-1 receptor agonist on it. J Diabetes Res. 2014;2014. [DOI:10.1155/2014/398518]
6. Choi KM, Hwang SY, Hong HC, Yang SJ, Choi HY, Yoo HJ, et al. C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. 2012;61(11):2932-6. [DOI:10.2337/db12-0217]
7. Francois ME, Durrer C, Pistawka KJ, Halperin FA, Chang C, Little JP. Combined interval training and post-exercise nutrition in type 2 diabetes: a randomized control trial. Front Physiol. 2017;8:528. [DOI:10.3389/fphys.2017.00528]
8. Mirzendedel z, attarzadehoseini s, bijeh N, raouf saeb Aa. A Comparison of the Effects of Twelve Weeks Combined Training with Different Ordering on CTRP3, TNF-α, IL6 and Insulin Resistance in Women with Type 2 Diabetes.IJEM. 2019;21(4):203-16. [in Persian].
9. Francois ME, Little JP. Effectiveness and safety of high-intensity interval training in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectr. 2015;28(1):39-44. [DOI:10.2337/diaspect.28.1.39]
10. Orsatti FL, Nahas EA, Maesta N, Nahas-Neto J, Burini RC. Plasma hormones, muscle mass and strength in resistance-trained postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2008;59(4):394-404. [DOI:10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.04.002]
11. Choi HY, Park JW, Lee N, Hwang SY, Cho GJ, Hong HC, et al. Effects of a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program on C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and CTRP-5 levels. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(10):3321-7. [DOI:10.2337/dc13-0178]
12. Pedraza-Chaverri J, Yam-Canul P, Chirino YI, Sánchez-González DJ, Martínez-Martínez CM, Cruz C, et al. Protective effects of garlic powder against potassium dichromate-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008;46(2):619-27. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.088]
13. Ried K, Travica N, Sali A. The effect of aged garlic extract on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in uncontrolled hypertensives: the AGE at Heart trial. Integr Blood Press Control. 2016;9:9. [DOI:10.2147/IBPC.S93335]
14. Morihara N, Hino A, Miki S, Takashima M, Suzuki Ji. Aged garlic extract suppresses inflammation in apolipoprotein E‐knockout mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(10):1700308. [DOI:10.1002/mnfr.201700308]
15. Hosseini SE, Karimzadeh K. Anti-diabetic effects of hydroalcohlic juglans regia male flower extract on blood glucose level and on liver enzymes activity in intact and diabetogenized adult male rat. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2012;19(2):165-72. [in Persian].
16. Abdi A, Ramezani N, Haji H. The Effect of Resistance Training and Coriandrum sativum extract on oxidative stress indices in Diabetic Rats. Met Exerc. 2015;5(1):59-68. [in Persian].
17. El-Demerdash F, Yousef MI, El-Naga NA. Biochemical study on the hypoglycemic effects of onion and garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005;43(1):57-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2004.08.012]
18. Li X, Jiang L, Yang M, Wu Y-w, Sun J-z, Sun S-x. CTRP3 improves the insulin sensitivity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting inflammation and ameliorating insulin signalling transduction. Endokrynol Pol. 2014;65(4):252-8. [DOI:10.5603/EP.2014.0034]
19. Patowary P, Pathak MP, Zaman K, Raju P, Chattopadhyay P. Research progress of capsaicin responses to various pharmacological challenges. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;96:1501-12. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.124]
20. Kopp A, Bala M, Weigert J, Büchler C, Neumeier M, Aslanidis C, et al. Effects of the new adiponectin paralogous protein CTRP-3 and of LPS on cytokine release from monocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cytokine. 2010;49(1):51-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2009.10.001]
21. Hasegawa N, Fujie S, Horii N, Uchida M, Kurihara T, Sanada K, et al. Aerobic exercise training-induced changes in serum C1q/TNF-related protein levels are associated with reduced arterial stiffness in middle-aged and older adults. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;314(1):R94-R101. [DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00212.2017]
22. Azali Alamdari K, khalafi m, Ghorbanian B. Effect of Aerobic Training on Serum Adiponectin and Ctrp-3 in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. IJEM. 2017;18(5):368-77. [in Persian].
23. Kopp A, Bala M, Buechler C, Falk W, Gross P, Neumeier M, et al. C1q/TNF-related protein-3 represents a novel and endogenous lipopolysaccharide antagonist of the adipose tissue. Endocrinology. 2010;151(11):5267-78. [DOI:10.1210/en.2010-0571]
24. Peterson JM, Wei Z, Wong GW. C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3), a novel adipokine that regulates hepatic glucose output. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(51): 39691-701. [DOI:10.1074/jbc.M110.180695]
25. Wolf RM, Lei X, Yang Z-C, Nyandjo M, Tan SY, Wong GW. CTRP3 deficiency reduces liver size and alters IL-6 and TGFβ levels in obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2016;310(5):E332-E45. [DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00248.2015]
26. Lee DY, Li H, Lim HJ, Lee HJ, Jeon R, Ryu J-H. Anti-inflammatory activity of sulfur-containing compounds from garlic. J Med Food. 2012;15(11):992-9. [DOI:10.1089/jmf.2012.2275]
27. Lorenzatti AJ, Servato ML. New evidence on the role of inflammation in CVD risk. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2019;34(4):418-23. [DOI:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000625]
28. Miki S, Inokuma Ki, Takashima M, Nishida M, Sasaki Y, Ushijima M, et al. Aged garlic extract suppresses the increase of plasma glycated albumin level and enhances the AMP‐activated protein kinase in adipose tissue in TSOD mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2017;61(5):1600797. [DOI:10.1002/mnfr.201600797]
29. Miki S, Suzuki JI, Kunimura K, Morihara N. Mechanisms underlying the attenuation of chronic inflammatory diseases by aged garlic extract: Involvement of the activation of AMP‑activated protein kinase. Exp Ther Med. 2020; 19(2):1462-1467. [DOI:10.3892/etm.2019.8372]
30. Kong LC, Wuillemin P-H, Bastard J-P, Sokolovska N, Gougis S, Fellahi S, et al. Insulin resistance and inflammation predict kinetic body weight changes in response to dietary weight loss and maintenance in overweight and obese subjects by using a Bayesian network approach. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(6):1385-94. [DOI:10.3945/ajcn.113.058099]

XML   Persian Abstract   Print

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 15, Issue 4 (Winter 2021) Back to browse issues page