fa تأثیر ویتامینC بر حافظه فضایی و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی هیپوکامپ موش های صحرایی مسموم با کراک کوکائین تغذيه nutrition پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span b="" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:" titr="">سابقه و هدف:</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کراک فرم جامد فرآوری شده از کوکائین است که اثر اعتیادآوری قوی&shy;تری نسبت به پودر کوکائین دارد. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سوء</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مصرف محرک&shy;های روانی و از جمله کراک-&shy;کوکائین اثرات نامناسب بر حافظه و یادگیری دارد. مصرف </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ویتامین&shy;ها</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> به عنوان یکی از روش‌های درمان</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مؤثر برای سوء مصرف مواد پیشنهاد شده است</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">. هدف مطالعه&shy;ی حاضر بررسی اثر تزریق درون&shy;صفاقی ویتامین</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">C</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> بر حافظه&shy;ی فضایی</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی در هیپوکامپ</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">رت</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">&shy;</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&shy;ها </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">طی مسمویت با کراک-کوکائین است.</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span b="" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:" titr="">مواد و روش</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">‌</span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:" titr="">ها:</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این مطالعه بر روی شش گروه </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">6 تایی</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> از موش‌های صحرایی نر صورت گرفته است.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> سه روز پس از تزریق درون صفاقی داروهای&shy; کراک-کوکائین&shy;&shy;، </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ویتامین</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">C</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> و یا ترکیب </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این داروها درگرو‌ه‌های آزمایشی به مدت 5 روز</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">، دستگاه ماز آبی موریس به منظور سنجش پارامترهای مرتبط با حافظه فضایی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سپس</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نمونه برداری از</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هیپوکامپ انجام گردید و پارامتر پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی در این ناحیه </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بر پایه </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">اندازه گیری </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">MDA</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">سنجش گردید. تحلیل آماری داده&shy;ها </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">به کمک آزمون آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">و آزمون تعقیبی</span></span> <span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">Tukey</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">توسط</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نرم افزار </span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">SPSS</span>&nbsp; <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">صورت گرفت.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span b="" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:" titr="">یافته</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">‌</span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:" titr="">ها</span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">‌</span><span b="" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:" titr="">:</span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تزریق درون صفاقی دوز </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">بالای</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کراک-کوکائین (</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&shy;15&shy;</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> میلی&shy;گرم بر&shy;کیلوگرم ) به طور معنی&shy;داری موجب کاهش پارامترهای مرتبط با حافظه&shy; فضایی </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در روزهای سوم و چهارم دوره آزمایش </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">شد </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">(</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&shy;01</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">/0></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">).</span></span><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تزریق درون صفاقی دوز </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&shy;50 </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">میلی&shy;گرم بر کیلوگرم ویتامین</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">C</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">&shy;، حافظه&shy;ی فضایی در </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">رت&shy;های</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> مسموم شده با</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کراک</span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">را بهبود بخشید</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> (05/0></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">P</span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">)، اما بر پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی در ناحیه </span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">هیپوکامپ تأثیری نداشت</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> (&shy;05/0<</span></span>P<span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">).</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span b="" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family:" titr="">نتیجه گیری:</span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">دوز بکار رفته </span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">ویتامین</span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt">C</span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> در این مطالعه ، قادر به بهبود عملکرد حافظه&shy;ی فضایی رت&shy;های تحت تیمار با کراک-کوکائین به سطح طبیعی می&shy;باشد.</span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:11.0pt"><span style="font-family:"B Nazanin""></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> &nbsp; <div><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b>Background and Objectives:</b> Crack is a processed solid form of cocaine that includes stronger addictive effects than those of cocaine powder. Abuse of psychological stimuli, including crack cocaine, includes adverse effects on the memory and learning. Use of vitamins has been suggested as an effective treatment for the substance abuse. The aim of this study was to assess effects of the intraperitoneal injection of vitamin C on spatial memory and lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus of rats during crack cocaine poisoning.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">&nbsp;<span class="hps" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b>Materials & Methods:</b></span> This study was carried out on six groups of six male rats. Three days after intraperitoneal injection of crack cocaine, vitamin C or a combination of these drugs in the experimental groups for five days, Morris water maze device was used to assess spatial memory-linked parameters. Rats were then sacrificed and their hippocampus was removed and lipid peroxidation in this brain site was assessed using malondialdehyde. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and SPSS Software. Statistical analysis of data was carried out using &nbsp;one-way analysis of variance, Tukey post-hoc test and SPSS Software.</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b>Results:</b> Intraperitoneal injection of high doses of crack cocaine (15 mg/kg) significantly decreased parameters associated to the spatial memory on Days 3 and 4 of the experiments (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg vitamin C improved spatial memory in rats poisoned with crack (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with no effects on lipid peroxidation in hippocampus<br> (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b>Conclusion:</b> Doses of vitamin C in this study were able to improve the spatial memory function of rats treated with crack cocaine to normal levels.</span></span></span><br> &nbsp;</div> <span dir="LTR"></span> ویتامینC , کراک-کوکائین, حافظه فضایی, پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی Vitamin C, Crack cocaine, Spatial memory, Lipid peroxidation 1 10 http://nsft.sbmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4083-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 H Hatami Nemati حمیرا حاتمی نعمتی h.hatami@tabrizu.ac.ir 11500319475328460023526 11500319475328460023526 No Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran گروه زیست شناسی جانوری، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران H Ahmadi حاتم احمدی 11500319475328460023527 11500319475328460023527 Yes Department of Basic Sciences, University of Farhangian, Tehran, Iran گروه علوم پایه ، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران ، ایران A Almasi ابوالفضل الماسی 11500319475328460023528 11500319475328460023528 No Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran گروه زیست شناسی جانوری، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران S Hatami Nemati سمیه حاتمی نعمتی 11500319475328460023529 11500319475328460023529 No Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran گروه زیست شناسی جانوری، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران