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Background and Objectives: Whey Protein (WP) is one of the milk products with antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of endurance training and WP intake on the antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress of the heart tissue in rats fed a high -fat diet.
 Materials & Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: standard diet (n =8) and high-fat diet (n =32).  Following 9 weeks of endurance training, the high-fat diet group was randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 per group) including Control (CF), Training (TF), WP(WF)  and Training + WP(TWF). Training included running on a treadmill at a speed of 20 m/min, 5 days per week, for 10 weeks.  The values of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in the heart tissue using the ELISA method.
Results: There were more values of H₂O₂=561/5±164/12 (P=0.005) and less values of GPX=18/74±2/82
(P=0.001) and SOD=2/20±0/409 (P = 0.013) in the high-fat diet group than the normal control group. GPX levels were lower in high- fat diet control group than WP, training and training + WP (P <0.05).SOD and H₂O₂ levels were higher in trained groups compared to non-trained groups and in supplemental groups were lower than non-supplemental groups (P<0.05). CAT levels in these groups did not change significantly (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Endurance training and WP could improve the oxidative balance of the heart tissue of rats fed a high-fat diet and could help control the side effects of a high-fat diet in the heart.
 

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Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the bone diseases that various factors such as oxidative stress have a role in creating it. The current research aimed to examine the synchronous effect of aerobic physical exercise and Vitamin D supplementation on osteocalcine and alkaline phosphatase in rats poisoned by H₂O₂.
 Materials & Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups of six-rat including: (1) received hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂; (2) double quantity of hydrogen peroxide; (3) hydrogen peroxide + vitamin-D; (4) hydrogen peroxide + aerobic exercise; (5) hydrogen peroxide+ vitamin-D+ aerobic exercise; (6) Double- content hydrogen peroxide + vitamin-D; (7) double-content hydrogen peroxide + aerobic exercise; (8) double-content hydrogen peroxide + vitamin-D + aerobic exercise; (9) scheme (dimethyl sulfoxide + normal saline) and (10) control group, and were treated under intervention protocol for 8 weeks. The serum levels of osteocalcine and alkaline phosphatase were measured by ELISA method. One-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the possible difference between the hydrogen peroxide, double-content hydrogen peroxide, and scheme and control groups and also in order to determine the interactive effects of aerobic exercise and vitamin-D on the research variables, Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test were employed (p≤0.05).
Results: Conducting aerobic exercise and vitamin-D supplementation for eight weeks had interactive effect on the significant rise of  osetocalcine levels in the rats poisoned with 1mm.mol/kg (p=0.001); aerobic exercise (p=0.006) increased significantly the serum levels of osteocalcine in comparison with the groups not treated by aerobic exercise in the rats poisoned with 2mm.mol/kg.
Conclusion: It seems that both exercise and Vitamin-D supplementation improve symptoms of osteogenesis. Nevertheless, with respect to the insignificant effect of hydrogen peroxide on research variables, conducting further studies is necessary.