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Background and Objective: Preliminary studies have shown reductions in apoptosis in brain ischemia following treatment with antioxidants. In this study, the relationships between consumption of olive oil and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons and changes in memory following brain ischemia in mice were determined. Materials and Methods: Three groups of 7 mice each were included in the study: healthy, ischemic control, and treatment groups. The mice were treated with olive oil as a pre-treatment for a week (tube-feeding). Ischemia was then induced by common carotid artery occlusion. This was followed, after the inflammation in the ischemic area was reduced, by furher treatment for a week with olive oil. Histological examinations were made using Nissl staining for counting necrotic cells, TUNEL kit was used to quantify apoptotic cell death, and short-term memory scale was determined by the shuttle box test Results: In the ischemic group high rates of necrosis and apoptotosis were seen, which were associated with short-term and spatial memory loss. Apoptosis rate in the treatment group was much less than in the ischemic group, confirming results of the memory tests. Conclusion: Ischemia-reperfusion for 15 minutes induces vast and permanent cell death in the hippocampus in mice, particularly in the CA1 region. Olive oil consumption significantly reduces cell death and decreases memory loss. Keywords: Ischemia, Reperfusion, Hippocampus, Antioxidant, Olive oil

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Background and Objective: The effect of pretreatment with omega 3 fatty acids on oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Right nephrectomy was completed on 81 male Wistar rats (255-300g). The rats received omega 3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA 200 mg/kg/day) or distilled-water orally for 14 days before ischemia reperfusion(6,24,48 hour reperfusion) (IR) or sham operation. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Bax and Bcl-2 proteins expression, were determined. Results: Tissue MDA content and Bax expression increased (p<0.05) in IR group.for 6 to 48 hours after ischemia Omega 3 fatty acids decreased tissue MDA levels (p<0.05 vs. IR) increased Bcl-2 After 24 and 48 hours of reperfusion in IR groups the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax significantly increased (p<0.05 vs. sham). In IR group expression of Bax after 24 and 48 hours of reperfusion was significantly more than the expression of this protein after 6 hours of reperfusion (p<0.05). Conversely, in omega 3(200 mg/kg/day)+IR treated rats expression of Bcl-2 protein after 24 and 48 hours was significantly more than the value of 6 hours of reperfusion (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the results suggested that pre-ischemic exposure to omega 3 fatty cids by inhibition of IR induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death could improve the outcome of early graft function. Keywords: Omega 3 fatty acids(DHA+EPA), Ischemia reperfusion, MDA, Proapoptotic protein Bax, Antiapoptotic protein Bcl2

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Ischemia that followed by reperfusion can couse severe damages in tissues and organs and can be occurred in clinical condition such as surgeries, cardiovascular heart diseases, heart attack and stroke, trauma, sepsis, Etc which are caused perfusion and oxygen reduced and then reperfusion occurred. The results of many studies have been shown that dietetic treatment with fatty acids can reduce complication of ischemic reperfusion significantly. Pubmed, Science direct, Springer and Google scholar databases were searched in order to achieve the desired articles. Cellular, animal as well as human studies that have been conducted from 1990 till 2012, were recruited in this investigation.. The results of previous studies have been shown that intake of omega 3 fatty acids (after 4 weeks) increase the amount of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the left ventricular wall and decrease the accumulation of leukocytes in the heart. In addition, the results of other studies have been indicated that omega 3 fatty acids dietary treatment can reduce tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in mice. Also, long-term treatments with polyunsaturated fatty acids indicate positive results in the isolated heart model. Treatment with unsaturated fatty acids such as omega 3 befor tissue ischemia are able to resistance the cells. Also, improve the function of tissues special myocard after ischemic injury. In addition, studies indicated that effects of dietetic treatment with omega 3 in comparing with omega 6 are more effective and can be clinical uses. Keywords: Ischemic-Reperfusion, Unsaturated fatty acids, Omega 3, Omega 6

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Background and Objectives: Ischemia reperfusion (IR) occurs when the blood supply returns to the tissue after a period of ischemia, or lack of oxygen it is a common cause of acute renal failure. The present study evaluated the effect of pretreatment with omega 3 fatty acids on ischemia reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods: Right nephrectomy was performed on 81 male Wistar rats (255-300 g). The rats received either omega 3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA 200 mg/kg/d) or distilled water orally for 14 d prior to ischemia reperfusion (6, 24, 48 h reperfusion). Serum creatinine (SCr), BUN, creatinine clearance (CCr), and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) were measured. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and renal histological injury were also determined. Results: SCr, BUN and FENa increased after 6-48 h of reperfusion (p < 0.01). CAT and SOD activity decreased (p < 0.05) in the IR group. DHA+EPA decreased SCr, BUN and FENa, (p < 0.05 vs. IR) and increased CCr, CAT, and SOD activity (p < 0.05 vs. IR) for 6-48 h after ischemia. IR induced mild (6 h, p < 0.05) to severe (24-48 h, p < 0.01) tissue damage. The tissue damage decreased significantly for the DHA+EPA group over the IR group (p < 0.05 vs. IR 24-48 h). Conclusion: The results suggest that pre-ischemic exposure to DHA+EPA ameliorates oxidative stress and could improve kidney function by decreasing SCr, BUN, and FENa, and increasing CCr . Keywords: Omega 3 fatty acids (DHA+EPA), Ischemia reperfusion, Oxidative stress, Acute renal failure