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Background and Objective: Substituting dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3 fatty acids, both found in canola oil, can reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of canola oil with sunflower oil on blood pressure, lipid profile, apoproteins, lipoprotein(a), total antioxidant capacity, and CRP in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: We performed a double-blind randomized clinical trial on 44 hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women randomly divided into two groups receiving, daily for 8 weeks, either 30gr of canola oil or 30gr of sunflower oil. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after intervention and analyzed for serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], apoproteinB (APOB) , apoprotein A-I[APOA-I] ، CRP, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also measured and compared between the 2 groups at baseline and after intervention. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in diastolic pressure in the canola group , as compared to sunflower group, at the end of the period. The treatment also brought about a significant increase in HDL-c and significant decreases in the systolic blood pressure and TG/HDL-c in the canola group, whereas in the sunflower group mean serum LDL-c, TAC, and ApoB decreased significantly. The levels of ApoA-I, TC/HDL-c, and LDL-c/HDL-c decreased significantly in both groups. Further analysis of the data showed that there were no significant differences in Lp(a), CRP, and TAC between the two groups at the end of study. Conclusion: As compared to sunflower oil, canola oil has more desirable effects on diastolic blood pressure in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women. Keywords: Canola oil, Sunflower oil, Apoproteins, Lipoprotein(a), Total antioxidant capacity, CRP

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Background and Objective: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among contaminants of water sources, and great emphasis is put on their monitoring in aqueous environments. With this attitude, in the present study we investigate the concentration of two notable PAHs, that is, Benzo (α) pyrene and Dibenzo (a, h) anthracene in waters of the Karun as well as the impact of refinement on their levels. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, we collected 20 samples of mixed water, each consisting of 5 samples from the Karun on entry into the Ahvaz water refinery installations number 2 and on exit. The samples were acidified with concentrated HCl to pH ≤ 2. PAHs were extracted from the samples using SPE on solid phase (C18) by acetonitrile: 20 μL of acetonitriles were injected into the HPLC machine equipped with a C18 column (5 μm, 4. 6 x 250 mm) and fluorescent detector (at wavelengths of 290 and 430 nm for excitation and emission, respectively) and flow of the mobile phase (80 acetonitrile and 20 deionized water) at 1. 2 mL/min at 40oC, The extracted PAHs were then isolated, identified and quantified. Results: The mean concentration of Benzo (α) pyrene and Dibenzo (a,h) anthracene in the entry and exit water of the refinery was (6. 38 and 25. 06 ppb) and (0. 43 and 8. 11 ppb) , respectively. Conclusion: The mean concentration of Benzo (α) pyrene and Dibenzo (a,h) anthracene in the samples studied were lower than the safe limit specified by WHO. Moreover, our findings indicate that the process of refinery had lowered the concentration of these PAHs. Keywords: Benzo (α) pyrene, Dibenzo (a,h) anthracene , PAHs, Water refinery, HPLC

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Background and Objective: For the importance of specialized web sites, the purpose of this study is link analysis of food science & technology institutes websites based on webometrics scales to propose a pattern website for National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute in Iran. visibility, the web impact factor (WIF), self link and total link of websites of the food science & technology institutes via webometrics has been Studied in this Research. Materials and Methods: Cluster analysis and Multi- dimentional scales Studied the Main Clusters and Drawing Two- dimentional Map of Website Based On Co-links. Also has been used to find out the main Clusters and to draw tow- dimentional map for websites based on Co-links as well. Services provided by the websites has been investigated through their inlinks and visibility to identify the most effective elements of Food Research Institutes in Iran. The statistical population is 63 active websites searched and downloaded by google search engine. in the period of one month The data were collected using webometrics formula via yahoo search engine & yahoo explorer during December 2010 to Januar 2011. Result: The results indicated that the FOI website has the highest impact factor among the sites research sample with WIF of 72, while the NIFA with %57/41 received the highest number of inlinks having the highest visibility. The Cluster analysis results of the website showed that websites had collaborated in five major clusters in the Web environment but seven website have remained independent. Multi- dimentional analysis map also confirmed the existence of five categories. Conclusion: this study showed that there has been a relation between inlinks with types of presented services and the content of websites. Finally an appropriate model was presented for the website of National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute. Keyword: Web sites’ Food Science and Technology Institutions, Category clustering analysis, Multidimensional Scale, Link Analysis, Web services, Visibility, Web Impact Factor

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Malnutrition is common in the patients admitted to the hospitals and medical centers. If the symptoms of malnutrition go unnoticed or be mistaken for those of the patient’s main disorder, disease prognosis is likely to be poor, hospital stay lengthened and the patients may be less able to respond to surgical and medical procedures, including medication. This article assesses the prevalence of malnutrition in some medical centers in Iran and the other countries. In this systematic review, article were gathered the from the databases like Medline, Iranmedex, SID, Magiran, Pubmed, Scopus by using Thesaurus-based keywords like malnutrition, hospital, prevalence, nutritional management between 1984 to 2012 years. According to reviewing the articles, about 20% to 50% of all medical and surgical patients admitted to medical centers are affected by malnutrition prevalence being significantly higher in patients with malignant compared to benign disease and after surgical treatment. Malnutrition correlated with primary undiagnosed malnutrition at admission, age, sex, presence of cancer or infection, longer hospital stay, insufficient food intake, impaired digestion or absorption, increased nutrient requirements and excess nutritional losses. High nutritional risk medical units were identified as geriatrics, critical care, nephrology, internal medicine, gastroenterology and cardiovascular surgery, respectively. Keywords: Malnutrition, Medical center, Hospital, Prevalence

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Background and Objective: Cancer is a major public health concern and the third leading cause of death in Iran. The incidence of different types of cancer vary among populations and are related to occupational, social, cultural, racial, geographic, and nutritional variables. This study assessed the prevalence of malnutrition and its relationship to socio-economic variables in cancer patients admitted to Shohada-ye-Tajrish hospital, which is affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. Materials and Methods: The data of this study was obtained from the Cancer Research Center of Shohada-ye-Tajrish hospital and a standard PG-SGA questionnaire. The data set was for 300 patients admitted to the oncology ward of the hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2010. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the chi-square test using SPSS 16.0, which allowed examination of the quantitative and qualitative variables of this research, respectively. Results: SGA scores indicated that the prevalence of mild-to-moderate energy-protein malnutrition was 30% and severe malnutrition was 23% in cancer patients. The highest incidence of malnutrition was for gastrointestinal malignancies and the highest percentage of normal nutritional status was for breast cancer. The relationship between cancer type and age for the prevalence of malnutrition was statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p < 0.004 respectively). No significant statistical relationships were observed for the prevalence of energy-protein malnutrition in cancer patients by sex, educational level, insurance status, occupation, income sources, or type of treatment. Conclusion: The prevalence of energy-protein malnutrition in cancer patients was considerable. Continuous evaluation of the nutritional status of cancer patients and the socioeconomic factors affecting it are important throughout the treatment period to prevent side effects influencing the treatment and remission rates of cancer, increase the effectiveness of cancer treatments, and improve the quality of life of patients. Monitoring can also be effective in preventing the development of malnutrition and the resulting quality of life in patients and can play a role in related research in this field. Keywords: Malnutrition, Cancer, Socio-economic variables, PG-SGA

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Background and Objectives: Eating behavior is a key factor which affects dietary intakes and health. As the prevalence of anxiety among university students is high and its probable effect on eating behaviors,  current study was done to evaluate the relationship between anxiety and eating behaviors among students at Universities of Ahvaz and Tehran.

Materials and Methods: Three hundred and forty students from Tehran and Ahvaz Universities participated in this study. A general questionnaire was completed by all subjects. Anxiety was assessed using Spielberger questionnaire that showed two classes of obvious and hidden anxiety. Dutch eating behavior questionnaire was used to assess emotional, external and restrained eating behaviors.

Results: The results of the study showed that there is no significant difference between students in two mentioned cities for levels of anxiety. However, there are significant differences in emotional and external eating behaviors in different levels of obvious (p=0.019, p=0.013 respectively) and hidden (p=0.002, p=0.023 respectively) anxiety.

Conclusion: The results demonstrated the relationship between anxiety and eating behavior and confirmed that the reduction of anxiety may improve eating behavior. 

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Background and Objectives: Currently, increases in population of the world increase supply and food demands. Production of transgenic plants is one of the relative achievements. The aim of this study was to describe the consumer perceptions towards transgenic products.
 Materials & Methods: The study was carried out by sampling with the maximum diversity and participants enrolled until data saturation. Thirty adults aged 20–70 years living in Tehran were recruited in the study using in-depth interviews and 15 people were included in the study through focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis and MAXQDA Software (Version 10).
Results: Findings showed that people awareness on transgenic products was relatively low and limited. The sources of information mostly included the Internet and television and the most important types of transgenic products were oils, fruits, corn, rice and soy. Based on the participant views, lack of exact determination criteria and exaggerated advertisements were the shortcomings of information on these products. Based on the consumer interpretation, transgenic foods were products manipulated by hormonal changes and molecular structure grafts, which included various tastes and appearances, compared to normal products.
Conclusion: Based on the importance of information in shaping people attitudes and perceptions, lack of proper information to publicity was revealed in this study. Proper use of the undeniable ability of mass media, especially television, is one of the factors that can contribute to this information. Another factor that can help this information includes clear labeling.

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Background and Objectives: Dietary diversity score is a nutrient intake adequacy index associated with the child growth. As mothers make the most important decisions affecting dietary patterns for their families and children, this study investigated possible relationships between the dietary diversity scores of children and mothers and the anthropometric statuses of preschool children for the first time in Iran.
 Materials & Methods: In total, 236 children and their mothers participated in this cross-sectional study. Data about mothers and children weight, height and dietary diversity scores were collected using food recall questionnaires and dietary diversity questionnaires, respectively. Then, mothers and children were categorized into good, medium and weak dietary diversity score groups based on the protocols by the United Nation Food and Agricultural Organization. Furthermore, households were categorized into three major groups (low, middle and high) based on their socioeconomic statuses.
Results: This study showed that child weight-for-age (p = 0.013) and weight-for-height (p = 0.03) included significant relationships with the mothers dietary diversity scores.
Conclusion: The better the mothers dietary diversity scores were, the more likely they were to have children with normal weight for height, weight for age and height for age values, compared to mothers with low dietary diversity scores.

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Background and Objectives: Dairy consumption is affected by several factors, including physical and economic accesses and individual preferences. Considering that social networks can reflect views of their users, this study was carried out to explain perspectives of Iranian Instagram social media users regarding dairy product consumption.
 Materials & Methods: Data were collected using directed qualitative content analysis approach. Studied areas included hashtags that were collected based on the objectives of the study with the purposeful sampling method on Instagram, January 2011 to March 2021. The MAXQDA software was used for content coding and analysis. Validity of data was assessed using criteria of validity, transferability, trust and confirmation.
Results: A total of 782 posts with desired characteristics were collected. The most important themes identified in the posts of Iranian Instagram users included positive effects of dairy products in preventing diseases, necessity of consuming dairy products, safety and quality of dairy products, frauds in dairy products, disadvantages of consuming dairy products in causing diseases and harming the environment and animals and obstacles to dairy consumption such as high prices and poverty of the people. Some users tried to guide others to consume dairy products and introduced new products of dairy industries such as enriched dairy products and probiotics.
Conclusion: Considering broadly increasing use of social networks, production of scientifically sound contents by experts can be the major suggestion of the present study to improve awareness of the users of these networks. Due to the importance of dairy consumption, it is recommended to set educational programs according to the needs of different age groups in the country's media. Results of the present study can be used by the policymakers in adopting right policies on dairy consumption.