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Background and Objective: No studies thus far have addressed the effects of daily consumption of multispecies probiotic supplements on the metabolic profiles, hs-CRP and oxidative stress of diabetic patients. The present study was designed to determine the effects of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP and oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four diabetic patients 35-37 years of age participated in this randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to consume either a multispecies probiotic supplement (n = 27) or a placebo group (n = 27) for 8 wk. The supplement contained 7 viable and freeze-dried strains of lactobacillus acidophilus (2 × 109 CFU), lactobacillus casei (7×109 CFU), lactobacillus rhamnosus (1.5 × 109 CFU), lactobacillus bulgaricus (2 × 108 CFU), Bifidobacterium breve (2 × 1010 CFU), Bifidobacterium longum (7 × 109 CFU), Streptococcus thermophilus (1.5 × 109 CFU) and 100 mg fructo-oligosaccharide in lactose as a carrier substance. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 wk of intervention to measure metabolic profiles, hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Results: The consumption of probiotic supplements prevented a rise in the FPG (changes from baseline: +1.54 ± 30.73 vs. +28.73 ± 43.44 mg/dL, p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (+0.78 ± 1.61 vs. +2.38 ± 3.34, p = 0.03) values. No significant effect was found from the probiotic supplements for serum lipid profiles and HbA1C levels. A significant decrease in serum hs-CRP levels (-777.57 vs. 878.72 ng/ml, p = 0.02) was found after probiotic supplementation compared to the placebo group. Supplementation also significantly increased plasma GSH levels (240.63 vs. -33.46 µmol/L, p = 0.03) compared to the placebo. No significant effect for probiotics was observed for plasma TAC and serum uric acid levels between the two groups. Conclusion: Multispecies probiotic supplementation for 8 wk by diabetic patients increased glycemic control, decreased serum hs-CRP and increased plasma total GSH. It did not affect serum lipid profiles or total antioxidant capacity. Keywords: Probiotics, metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, oxidative stress, type 2 diabetics

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Background and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess associations between nutrient adequacy ratio and mean adequacy ratio with body shape index and waist-to-height ratio in free-living elderly in Tehran city, Iran.
 Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 583 elderly people (304 women and 279 men) aged 60–80 years from Tehran were selected using systematic cluster sampling method. Demographic questionnaire, activity of daily living, instrumental activity of daily living and two 24-h dietary recalls were used to assess general characteristics, physical function and dietary intakes of the participants, respectively. Nutrient adequacy ratio of energy, protein and 11 micronutrients and their means were calculated. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight and waist circumference were carried out using standard methods and body shape index and waist-to-height ratio were calculated.
Results: The median (interquartile) of body shape index was 0.082 (0.086–0.079) and the mean ±standard deviation of WHtR07 was 0.06 ±0.07. The mean waist-to-height ratio of females was higher than that of males and the median body shape index  of females was lower than that of males. After adjusting for the effects of all confounders, associations of mean adequacy ratio with waist-to-height ratio and body shape index were not significant. Nutrient adequacy ratios of energy and protein were directly linked to waist-to-height ratio and body shape index respectively and nutrient adequacy ratio of thiamine was inversely linked to body shape index.
Conclusion: : No associations were detected between the adequacy of dietary intake and the two indicators of body fat distribution status after controlling for the confounding factors (lifestyle, demographic and socioeconomic factors).