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Zinc intake pattern in Iranian households and risk of zinc deficiency at national level
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A Houshiar-rad   , M Esmaeili , M Abdollahi * , N Mazaheri , M Mohammadi , N Kalantari |
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Abstract: (7751 Views) |
| Background and objectives: Regarding the important effect of zinc on normal body functions and individual health status, this study was conducted to show the daily per capita zinc intake, major food sources of zinc, prevalence of inadequate intake among Iranian rural and urban households.
Material and methods: In this analytical cross sectional study, food consumption data of 7158 households at national level was collected during one year period 2000-2001. To minimize the impact of season the survey took place in 4 seasons for each of the provinces. Food consumption data was collected through household interviews using 24 hour recall questionnaire for three consecutive days with a combined method of recall and weighing. Mean per capita energy and nutrient daily requirement were calculated using FAO/WHO RNIs (2001). Zinc content of 5 common Iranian flat breads and 2 major varieties of rice were measured with direct analytical method. IZiNCG EAR- cut point method was used to determine the adequacy of zinc intake and the prevalence of zinc deficiency at national level.
Results: Total mean intake of zinc was 10.3±3.1, and in urban and rural areas were 10.3±3.0 and 10.7±3.3 mg/per capita/day, respectively. In comparison to requirements based on diets with low and moderate bioavailability 79% and 158% of FAOWHO RNI for zinc were provided respectively. Bread (38.5%), rice (12.2%) and red meat (10.8%) were the major food sources of zinc. Inadequate intakes of zinc based on IZiNCG-EAR values for unrefined plant based diets, indicates that prevalence of zinc deficiency is a public health problem and based on mixed or refined plant based diets, percentage of households in both regions with inadequate zinc intakes were reported in less than 25% of the population.
Conclusion: Approximately ¼ of Iranian households are zinc deficient. Determining the level of zinc bioavailability in Iranian diets is essential for precise assessment of zinc intake and selecting the appropriate requirement standards.
Keywords: Zinc, Food consumption pattern, Nutrient adequacy, Iranian households |
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| Keywords: Zinc, Food consumption pattern, Nutrient adequacy, Iranian households |
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Full-Text [PDF 453 kb]
(2962 Downloads)
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Article type: Research |
Subject:
nutrition
Received: 2013/03/4 | Accepted: 2013/11/19 | Published: 2013/11/19
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