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The relationship between the immune system and the inflammatory mechanisms in obesity with insulin resistance
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M Cheraghpour   , E Ehrampoush , R Homayounfar , H Davoodi , H Zand * , P Mimmiran |
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Abstract: (8442 Views) |
| Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) infiltrate adipose tissue during obesity and contribute to insulin resistance. This adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by changes in immune cell populations giving rise to alteredadipo/cytokine profiles andis perpetuated through chemokine secretion,adipose retention of macrophages, and elaboration of pro- inflammatory adipocytokines.Activation of various kinases modulates adipocyte transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor- PPAR- and NFkB, attenuating insulin signaling and increasingadipocytokine and free fatty acid secretion.
Adipose inflammatory events induce a local and systemic inflammatory response, that can result in development of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). The sources of cytokines in insulin resistant states are the insulin target tissue themselves, primarily fat and liver, but to a larger extent the activated tissue resident macrophages. Chronic inflammation in these tissues could cause localized insulin resistance via autocrine/paracrine cytokine signaling and systemic insulin resistance via endocrine cytokine signaling all of which contribute to the abnormal metabolic state.
Keywords: Adipose tissue macrophages, Inflammatory, Insulin resistance |
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| Keywords: Adipose tissue macrophages, Inflammatory, Insulin resistance |
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Full-Text [PDF 292 kb]
(7471 Downloads)
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Article type: Review |
Subject:
nutrition
Received: 2013/03/14 | Accepted: 2013/11/19 | Published: 2013/11/19
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