[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
this is a test
Main Menu
Home::
Journal Information::
Articles archive::
For Authors::
Subscription::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
Webmail::
Ethical Consideration::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
:: Volume 16, Issue 1 (Spring 2021) ::
Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2021, 16(1): 1-12 Back to browse issues page
Effects of Breads Containing Flaxseeds on Serum Levels of Apelin and Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Patients
N Shakeri , MH Entezari * , B Abbasi
Isfahan University of Medical Science,Isfahan , Entezari@hlth.mui.ac.ir
Abstract:   (2897 Views)
Background and Objectives: Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important factors in heart disease and mortality worldwide. Previous studies showed that flaxseeds included potencies to improve lipid profiles. The objective of the present study was to investigate effects of breads containing flaxseeds on serum levels of apelin and lipids in hyperlipidemic patients.
 Materials & Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial study with 48 hyperlipidemic patients for six weeks. Patients were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received two breads containing 20% of flaxseeds and the control group received plain breads every day. Lipid profile, apelin serum, blood pressure and anthropocentric indices of the volunteers were assessed at the beginning and the end of activities and food intakes of the two groups were recorded.
Results: In the intervention group, serum apelin increased (p = 0.02), compared to the control group and cholesterol
(p=0.046), triglycerides (p = 0.04) and blood pressure (p = 0/04) significantly decreased, compared to the control group. No significant differences were seen for body mass index,  weight and serum levels of LDL-C and HDL-C between the two groups. Serum apelin increased (255.9 pg/ml), compared to the beginning of the intervention. Moreover, cholesterol, triglycerides and systolic and diastolic blood pressures respectively decreased as 11.2 mg/dl, 19.9 mg/dl, 7.1 mmHg and 10 mmHg, compared to the beginning of the intervention.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, consumption of flaxseed breads included beneficial effects on increasing apelin and decreasing cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure. Further studies on flaxseed breads as useful therapeutic foods for decreasing hyperlipidemia are recommended.
Keywords: Cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Hyperlipidemia, Flaxseed, Apelin, Bread
Full-Text [PDF 709 kb]   (1118 Downloads)    
Article type: Research | Subject: nutrition
Received: 2020/06/19 | Accepted: 2021/01/23 | Published: 2021/03/25
References
1. Hosseini SA, Salehi A. The relationship between coronary risk factors and coronary artery involvement based on angiogrpahy findings. Koomesh. 2012;14(1):7-12.
2. Veeranna V, Pradhan J, Niraj A, Fakhry H, Afonso L. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease in the elderly. Preventive cardiology. 2010;13(3):135-40. [DOI:10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00062.x]
3. Prasad K. Hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of flax lignan complex isolated from flaxseed. Atherosclerosis. 2005;179(2):269-75. [DOI:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.11.012]
4. Mahamuni SP, Khose RD, Menaa F, Badole SL. Therapeutic approaches to drug targets in hyperlipidemia. BioMedicine. 2012;2(4):137-46. [DOI:10.1016/j.biomed.2012.08.002]
5. Stramba-Badiale M, Fox KM, Priori SG, Collins P, Daly C, Graham I, et al. Cardiovascular diseases in women: a statement from the policy conference of the European Society of Cardiology. European heart journal. 2006;27(8):994-1005. [DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi819]
6. Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Qorbani M, Samavat T, Sharifi F, Larijani B, Fakhrzadeh H. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. International journal of preventive medicine. 2014;5(4):373.
7. Maury E, Brichard S. Adipokine dysregulation, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2010;314(1):1-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.031]
8. Berry MF, Pirolli TJ, Jayasankar V, Burdick J, Morine KJ, Gardner TJ, et al. Apelin has in vivo inotropic effects on normal and failing hearts. Circulation. 2004;110(11_suppl_1):II-187-II-93. [DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000138382.57325.5c]
9. Chandrasekaran B, Kalra PR, Donovan J, Hooper J, Clague JR, McDonagh TA. Myocardial apelin production is reduced in humans with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Journal of cardiac failure. 2010;16(7):556-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.cardfail.2010.02.004]
10. Droste SK, Gesing A, Ulbricht S, Müller MB, Linthorst AC, Reul JM. Effects of long-term voluntary exercise on the mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Endocrinology. 2003;144(7):3012-23. [DOI:10.1210/en.2003-0097]
11. Tasci I, Dogru T, Naharci I, Erdem G, Yilmaz M, Sonmez A, et al. Plasma apelin is lower in patients with elevated LDL-cholesterol. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetes. 2007;115(7):428-32. [DOI:10.1055/s-2007-971067]
12. Doosthoseini e, Hassanpour-ezatti M, Navidi H, Abachi T. A Fuzzy expert system for prescribing atorvastatin optimum dose. Koomesh. 2011;13(1).
13. Singh K, Mridula D, Rehal J, Barnwal P. Flaxseed: a potential source of food, feed and fiber. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2011;51(3):210-22. [DOI:10.1080/10408390903537241]
14. Ganorkar P, Jain R. Flaxseed--a nutritional punch. International Food Research Journal. 2013;20(2).
15. Katare C, Saxena S, Agrawal S, Prasad G, Bisen P. Flax seed: a potential medicinal food. J Nutr Food Sci. 2012;2(1):120-7. [DOI:10.4172/2155-9600.1000120]
16. 16Pan A, Sun J, Chen Y, Ye X, Li H, Yu Z, et al. Effects of a flaxseed-derived lignan supplement in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. PLoS One. 2007;2(11):e1148. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0001148]
17. Caligiuri SP, Aukema HM, Ravandi A, Guzman R, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Flaxseed consumption reduces blood pressure in patients with hypertension by altering circulating oxylipins via an α-linolenic acid-induced inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Hypertension. 2014;64(1):53-9. [DOI:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03179]
18. Aadahl M, Jørgensen T. Validation of a new self-report instrument for measuring physical activity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2003;35(7):1196-202. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000074446.02192.14]
19. Klishadi R, Khosravi A, Famouri F, Sadeghi M, Shirani S. Assessment of physical activity of adolescents in Isfahan. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. 2001;3(2).
20. AHMADI SA, Boroumand M-A, GOUHARI MK, Tajik P, Dibaj S-M. The impact of low serum triglyceride on LDL-cholesterol estimation. 2008.
21. Mani UV, Mani I, Biswas M, Kumar SN. An open-label study on the effect of flax seed powder (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation in the management of diabetes mellitus. Journal of dietary supplements. 2011;8(3):257-65. [DOI:10.3109/19390211.2011.593615]
22. Arjmandi BH, Khan DA, Juma S, Drum ML, Venkatesh S, Sohn E, et al. Whole flaxseed consumption lowers serum LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) concentrations in postmenopausal women. Nutrition Research. 1998;18(7):1203-14. [DOI:10.1016/S0271-5317(98)00100-6]
23. Pan A, Yu D, Demark-Wahnefried W, Franco OH, Lin X. Meta-analysis of the effects of flaxseed interventions on blood lipids. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2009;90(2):288-97. [DOI:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27469]
24. Kristensen M, Jensen MG, Aarestrup J, Petersen KE, Søndergaard L, Mikkelsen MS, et al. Flaxseed dietary fibers lower cholesterol and increase fecal fat excretion, but magnitude of effect depend on food type. Nutrition & metabolism. 2012;9(1):8. [DOI:10.1186/1743-7075-9-8]
25. Babitha B, Priyamvada ND. Effect of flax seed and barley supplementation on hyperlipidemic patients. Age. 2016;30(35):35-40.
26. Figueiredo MS, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC, Troina AA, Trevenzoli IH, Oliveira E, et al. Flaxseed supplementation of rats during lactation changes the adiposity and glucose homeostasis of their offspring. Life sciences. 2009;85(9-10):365-71. [DOI:10.1016/j.lfs.2009.06.018]
27. Prasad K, Khan AS, Shoker M. Flaxseed and Its Components in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease. International Journal of Angiology. 2020. [DOI:10.1055/s-0040-1709129]
28. Rhee Y, Brunt A. Flaxseed supplementation improved insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people: a randomized crossover design. Nutrition Journal. 2011;10(1):1-7. [DOI:10.1186/1475-2891-10-44]
29. Prasad K. Reduction of serum cholesterol and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis in rabbits by secoisolariciresinol diglucoside isolated from flaxseed. Circulation. 1999;99(10):1355-62. [DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.99.10.1355]
30. Zhang W, Wang X, Liu Y, Tian H, Flickinger B, Empie MW, et al. Dietary flaxseed lignan extract lowers plasma cholesterol and glucose concentrations in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. British journal of nutrition. 2008;99(6):1301-9. [DOI:10.1017/S0007114507871649]
31. Lopez-Huertas E. The effect of EPA and DHA on metabolic syndrome patients: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. British journal of nutrition. 2012;107(S2):S185-S94. [DOI:10.1017/S0007114512001572]
32. McCullough RS, Edel AL, Bassett CM, LaVallée RK, Dibrov E, Blackwood DP, et al. The alpha linolenic acid content of flaxseed is associated with an induction of adipose leptin expression. Lipids. 2011;46(11):1043-52. [DOI:10.1007/s11745-011-3619-0]
33. Ameer F, Scandiuzzi L, Hasnain S, Kalbacher H, Zaidi N. De novo lipogenesis in health and disease. Metabolism. 2014;63(7):895-902. [DOI:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.003]
34. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Vidgen E, Agarwal S, Rao AV, Rosenberg RS, et al. Health aspects of partially defatted flaxseed, including effects on serum lipids, oxidative measures, and ex vivo androgen and progestin activity: a controlled crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999;69(3):395-402. [DOI:10.1093/ajcn/69.3.395]
35. Mortazavi A, Nematipoor E, Djalali M, Keshavarz SA, Samavat S, Zarei M, et al. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on serum apelin levels in cardiovascular disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology. 2018;7(1):59.
36. Lorente‐Cebrián S, Bustos M, Marti A, Martinez JA, Moreno‐Aliaga MJ. Eicosapentaenoic acid up‐regulates apelin secretion and gene expression in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2010;54(S1):S104-S11. [DOI:10.1002/mnfr.200900522]
37. Kazemi F, Zahedi Asl S. The Correlation of Plasma Levels of Apelin-13 with Insulin Resistance Index and Plasma Leptin of Diabetic Male Rats after 8-Week Aerobic Exercise. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2015;18(6):51-60.
38. Paschos G, Magkos F, Panagiotakos D, Votteas V, Zampelas A. Dietary supplementation with flaxseed oil lowers blood pressure in dyslipidaemic patients. European journal of clinical nutrition. 2007;61(10):1201-6. [DOI:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602631]
39. Khalesi S, Irwin C, Schubert M. Flaxseed consumption may reduce blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. The Journal of nutrition. 2015;145(4):758-65. [DOI:10.3945/jn.114.205302]
40. Poudyal H, Panchal SK, Diwan V, Brown L. Omega-3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome: effects and emerging mechanisms of action. Progress in lipid research. 2011;50(4):372-87. [DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2011.06.003]
41. Mirmiran P, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Naderi Z, Bahadoran Z, Sadeghi M, Azizi F. Association between interaction and ratio of ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid and the metabolic syndrome in adults. Nutrition. 2012;28(9):856-63. [DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2011.11.031]
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA



XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Shakeri N, Entezari M, Abbasi B. Effects of Breads Containing Flaxseeds on Serum Levels of Apelin and Lipids in Hyperlipidemic Patients. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2021; 16 (1) :1-12
URL: http://nsft.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-3072-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 16, Issue 1 (Spring 2021) Back to browse issues page
Iranian Journal of  Nutrition Sciences and Food  Technology
Persian site map - English site map - Created in 0.04 seconds with 37 queries by YEKTAWEB 4660