Background and Objective: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of mortality and disability in Iran, and dietary factors contribute substantially to their burden. This policy brief was developed to propose strategies and policy options for addressing existing barriers and strengthening enabling factors to enhance the implementation of the policy integrating nutrition services into primary health care (PHC) within Iran’s health system.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with the participation of 49 policymakers, managers, nutritionists, physicians, and health care providers involved in the primary health care system at the national level and at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using qualitative methods.
Findings: Although nutrition experts have been integrated into the primary health care system since 2014, evidence from this qualitative study indicates that the effective utilization of nutrition services continues to face structural, organizational, and behavioral barriers. The most significant challenges include shortages of human resources, the predominance of a treatment-oriented approach, weaknesses in the referral and performance monitoring systems, inadequate training, low nutrition literacy among the population, and limited workforce motivation. Based on the findings, four policy options are proposed: strengthening the nutrition workforce through adequate resource allocation and capacity building; reforming educational and training programs; redesigning referral and performance monitoring systems; and reinforcing a prevention-oriented approach.
Conclusion: The simultaneous implementation of these policy options has the potential to improve the accessibility, quality, and effectiveness of nutrition services within Iran’s public health system, thereby contributing to better population health outcomes and the prevention of non-communicable diseases.